Limitations of the Media Frames Theory in Non-Democratic Context
Keywords:
framing theory, media systems, non-democratic regimes, media effects, public sphere
Abstract
To date, frame is one of the most commonly used concepts in communication studies. Predominantly, research, which are devoted to media effects, focus on democracies, but lately there is a surge in the number of non-democracy oriented research, which focus on media effects in the authoritarian context. Our aim is to define the applicability limitations of the media frames theory to study media effects in non-democratic context. By defining conceptual boundaries of framing and characterizing media systems, we argue, that framing strongly interrelates with persuasion. Hence, this leads to potential restrictions for the concept application in studies of the media influence on public opinion in non-democratic regimes, where the autonomy of media system is violated.
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References
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Matthes J., Schemer C. (2012) Diachronic Framing Effects in Competitive Opinion Environments. Political Communication 29(3): 319-339.
McCombs M. (2004) Setting the agenda: The mass media and public opinion, Cambridge: Polity Press.
McQuail D. (1992) Media performance: Mass communication and the public interest, London: Sage.
McQuail D. (2010) McQuail’s mass communication theory (6th edition), California: SAGE Publications.
Müller L. (2014) Comparing mass media in established democracies: patterns of media performance, Springer.
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Ostini J., Fung A. Y. H. (2002) Beyond the Four Theories of the Press: A New Model of National Media Systems. Mass Communication and Society 5(1): 41–56.
Picard R. (1985) The press and the decline of democracy, Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
Rocco T. S., Landorf H., Delgado A. (2009) Framing the Issue/Framing the Question: A Proposed Framework for Organizational Perspectives on Sexual Minorities. Advances in Developing Human Resources 11(1): 7-23.
Schedler A. (2013) The politics of uncertainty. Sustaining and subverting electoral authoritarianism, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Scheufele D., Tewksbury D. (2007) Framing, Agenda Setting, and Priming: The Evolution of Three Media Effects Models. Journal of Communication 57: 9-20.
Schimpfossl E., Yablokov I. (2014) Coercion or Conformism? Censorship and Self-Censorship among Russian Media Personalities and Reporters in the 2010s. Demokratizatsiya 22(2): 295-311.
Schudson M. (2008) Why democracies need an unlovable press, Polity.
Shirky C. (2008) Here comes everybody: The power of organizing without organizations, London: Penguin Books Ltd.
Siebert F. S., Peterson T., Schramm W. (1956) Four theories of the press: The authoritarian, libertarian, social responsibility, and Soviet communist concepts of what the press should be and do, University of Illinois Press.
Simons G., Strovsky D. (2006) Censorship in Contemporary Russian Journalism in the Age of the War Against Terrorism: A Historical Perspective. European Journal of Communication 21(2): 189-211.
Stromberg D. (2004) Radio’s Impact on Public Spending. Quarterly Journal of Economics 119(1): 189–221.
Shoemaker P. J., Reese S. D. (1996) Mediating the message: Theories of influences on mass media content (2nd edition), White Plains, NY: Longman.
Stockman, D., Gallagher M. (2011) Remote Control: How the Media Sustain Authoritarian Rule in China. Comparative Political Studies 44(4): 436-467.
Strömbäck J. (2005) In Search of a Standard: Four Models of Democracy and Their Normative Implications for Journalism. Journalism Studies 6(3): 331–45.
White S. (1980) The Effectiveness of Political Propaganda in USSR. Soviet Studies 32(3): 323-348.
Williams B., Delli Carpini M. (2011) After broadcast news : media regimes, democracy, and the new information environment, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Луман Н. (2005). Реальность массмедиа /Пер. с нем. А.Ю. Антоновского, М.: Праксис.
Altschull J. H. (1984) Agents of power: The role of the news media in human affairs, Longman Publishing Group.
Bennett L., Iyengar S. (2008) A New Era of Minimal Effects? The Changing Foundations of Political Communication. Journal of Communication 58(4): 707-731.
Borah P. (2011) Conceptual Issues in Framing Theory: A Systematic Examination of a Decade’s Literature. Journal of Communication 61(2): 246–263.
Beierwaltes A. (2000) Demokratie und Medien: Der Begriff der Öffentlichkeit und seine Bedeutung für die Demokratie in Europa, Baden-Baden: Nomos.
Carothers T. (2002) The End of the Transition Paradigm. Journal of Democracy 13(1): 5-21.
Chadwick A. (2017) The hybrid media system: Politics and power, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Christians C.G., Glasser T., McQuail D., Nordenstreng K., White R. A. (2009) Normative theories of the media: Journalism in democratic societies, Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
Chong D., Druckman J. (2007) Framing Public Opinion in Competitive Democracies. American Political Science Review 101(4): 637-655.
Curran J. (1999). Institutional logics: Rethinking the media as a public sphere. In P. Dahlgren, C. Sparks, Communication and citizenship: Journalism and the public sphere in the new media age. London: Routledge.
Curran J., Park M. (2000) De-westernizing media studies, London: Routledge.
Curran J., Iyengar S., Brink Lund A., Salovaara-Moring I. (2009) Media System, Public Knowledge and Democracy: A Comparative Study. European Journal of Communication 24: 5-26.
Diamond L. (2002) Thinking about Hybrid Regimes. Journal of Democracy 13(2): 21-35.
Downey J., Fenton N. (2003) New Media, Counter Publicity and the Public Sphere. New media & society 5(2): 185-202.
Entman R. (1993) Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm. Journal of Communication 43(4): 51-58.
Entman R. (2003) Cascading Activation: Contesting the White House’s Frame after 9/11. Political Communication 20(4): 415-432.
Ferree M.M., Gamson W.A., Gerhards J., Rucht D. (2002): Shaping Abortion Discourse: Democracy and the Public Sphere in Germany and the United States, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Garner S. (2003) Racism in the Irish experience, Pluto Press.
Geddes B., Zaller, J. (1989) Sources of Popular Support for Authoritarian Regimes. American Journal of Political Science 33(2): 319-347.
Gerhards J., Schäfer M. S. (2010) Is the Internet a Better Public Sphere? Comparing Old and New Media in the USA and Germany. New media & society 12(1): 143-160.
Gitlin T. (1980) The whole world is watching: Mass media in the making & unmaking of the new left, Berkeley: University of California Press.
Graber D. A., Dunaway J. (2017) Mass media and American politics, Cq Press.
Guriev S., Treisman D. (2015) How Modern Dictators Survive: An Informational Theory of the New Authoritarianism. Retrieved from http://www.tse-fr.eu/sites/default/files/TSE/documents/sem2016/development/guriev.pdf (Дата обращения: 18 января 2018)
Hallin D. C., Mancini P. (2004) Comparing media systems: Three models of media and politics, Cambridge: Cambridge university press.
Hallin D. C., Mancini P. (2011). Comparing media systems beyond the Western world, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Iyengar S. (1991) Is anyone responsible? How television frames political issues, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Iyengar S., McGrady J. (2007) Media politics: A citizen's guide, New York: WW Norton.
Jiang J., Yang D. (2016) Lying or believing? Measuring preference falsification from a political purge in China. Comparative Political Studies 49(5): 600-634.
Kahnemann D., Tversky A. (1984) Choices, Values, and Frames. American Psychologist 39(4): 341-350.
Kern H. L., Hainmueller J. (2009) Opium for the Masses: How Foreign Media Can Stabilize Authoritarian Regimes? Political Analysis 17(4): 377-399.
Kiriya I. (2014) Social Media as a Tool of Political Isolation in the Russian Public Sphere. Journal of Print and Media Technology Research 3(2): 131-138.
Levitsky S., Way L. (2002) The Rise of Competitive Authoritarianism. Journal of Democracy 13(2): 51-65.
Lippman W. (1922) Public opinion, New York: Harcourt, Brace.
Linz J. (2000) Totalitarian and authoritarian regimes, Boulder, London: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Matthes J., Schemer C. (2012) Diachronic Framing Effects in Competitive Opinion Environments. Political Communication 29(3): 319-339.
McCombs M. (2004) Setting the agenda: The mass media and public opinion, Cambridge: Polity Press.
McQuail D. (1992) Media performance: Mass communication and the public interest, London: Sage.
McQuail D. (2010) McQuail’s mass communication theory (6th edition), California: SAGE Publications.
Müller L. (2014) Comparing mass media in established democracies: patterns of media performance, Springer.
Norris P., Odugbemi S. (2010) Evaluating Media Performance. In P. Norris, Public Sentinel: News Media and Governance Reform, Washington, DC: World Bank Group.
Ostini J., Fung A. Y. H. (2002) Beyond the Four Theories of the Press: A New Model of National Media Systems. Mass Communication and Society 5(1): 41–56.
Picard R. (1985) The press and the decline of democracy, Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
Rocco T. S., Landorf H., Delgado A. (2009) Framing the Issue/Framing the Question: A Proposed Framework for Organizational Perspectives on Sexual Minorities. Advances in Developing Human Resources 11(1): 7-23.
Schedler A. (2013) The politics of uncertainty. Sustaining and subverting electoral authoritarianism, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Scheufele D., Tewksbury D. (2007) Framing, Agenda Setting, and Priming: The Evolution of Three Media Effects Models. Journal of Communication 57: 9-20.
Schimpfossl E., Yablokov I. (2014) Coercion or Conformism? Censorship and Self-Censorship among Russian Media Personalities and Reporters in the 2010s. Demokratizatsiya 22(2): 295-311.
Schudson M. (2008) Why democracies need an unlovable press, Polity.
Shirky C. (2008) Here comes everybody: The power of organizing without organizations, London: Penguin Books Ltd.
Siebert F. S., Peterson T., Schramm W. (1956) Four theories of the press: The authoritarian, libertarian, social responsibility, and Soviet communist concepts of what the press should be and do, University of Illinois Press.
Simons G., Strovsky D. (2006) Censorship in Contemporary Russian Journalism in the Age of the War Against Terrorism: A Historical Perspective. European Journal of Communication 21(2): 189-211.
Stromberg D. (2004) Radio’s Impact on Public Spending. Quarterly Journal of Economics 119(1): 189–221.
Shoemaker P. J., Reese S. D. (1996) Mediating the message: Theories of influences on mass media content (2nd edition), White Plains, NY: Longman.
Stockman, D., Gallagher M. (2011) Remote Control: How the Media Sustain Authoritarian Rule in China. Comparative Political Studies 44(4): 436-467.
Strömbäck J. (2005) In Search of a Standard: Four Models of Democracy and Their Normative Implications for Journalism. Journalism Studies 6(3): 331–45.
White S. (1980) The Effectiveness of Political Propaganda in USSR. Soviet Studies 32(3): 323-348.
Williams B., Delli Carpini M. (2011) After broadcast news : media regimes, democracy, and the new information environment, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Published
2018-02-19
How to Cite
СавинН. Ю., & ЧмельК. Ш. (2018). Limitations of the Media Frames Theory in Non-Democratic Context. Communications. Media. Design, 2(4), 49-66. Retrieved from https://cmd-journal.hse.ru/article/view/7493
Issue
Section
Scientific Articles
