Влияние интернета на демократизацию: кибероптимизм и киберпессимизм
Аннотация
В данной статье рассматриваются и анализируются научные представления о влиянии Интернета на демократизацию. Выделяются два основных подхода к Интернету: кибероптимизм и киберпессимизм. Первый подход характеризуется позитивным взглядом на потенциал Интернета для осуществления политических изменений: расширяя возможности общества и в итоге освобождая закрытые общества, Интернет способствует продвижению демократии во всем мире. Второй подход, напротив, характеризуется скептическим взглядом: авторитарные режимы сумели адаптироваться к новой информационной среде, используя цифровые технологии для пропаганды, слежки и цензуры. Посредством анализа научной литературы также прослеживается эволюция мысли о влиянии Интернета на демократизацию от крайне оптимистичной к пессимистичной. Эмпирические данные из научной литературы также позволяют определить основные методы, которые государства используют для контроля над Интернетом. Усиление цифрового контроля со стороны государств демонстрирует, что оптимистичные оценки, связанные с глобальным ростом Интернета, не были оправданы.
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Литература
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