Image of the Enemy at the News Tage of Russian-US Confrontation: Tools of Information War
Abstract
The relevance of the topic is determined by the scientific need to develop theoretical and methodological approaches to an in-depth study of non-military methods of Western countries’ pressure on their political, ideological and economic opponents. The focus of this study is on modern tools for conducting the US information war against Russia. To identify the nature, content and principles of these tools’ interaction with internal political system factors in the USA, the author of the article performs a number of tasks. I.e.: reveals the evolution of the “information war” concept in American strategic documents, accomplishes a brief comparative analysis of old and new methods of its conduct on the basis of worsening relations between Russia and the United States, describes a set of rhetorical markers of forming the image of the "enemy", implemented by the US to rogue-states in the post-bipolar era. The research uses system analysis approach to international relations studies (elaborated at IMEMO), which allows to reveal mechanisms and goals of information war tools’ usage in the context of political transformations in the USA.
Downloads
References
Айдаркина Е., Лысенко А. (2015) Управление информационными войнами в современном мире. Современные тенденции в экономике и управлении, 32: 42–46.
Борисова А. (2019) Цифровые технологии в предвыборных кампаниях США. Мировая экономика и международные отношения 63(10): 59–66.
Вторушин Ю. (2017) Особенности информационных войн в информационном обществе. Стратегия «мягкой силы» в контексте информационных войн. Сборник статей по материалам конференции, Москва: 66–78.
Косолапов Н. (1992) Внешнеполитическое сознание: категория и реальность. Мировая экономика и международные отношения, 9: 5–18.
Семененко И. (2008) Социокультурные механизмы формирования и восприятия образа России. Образ России в мире: становление, восприятие, трансформация. М.: ИМЭМО РАН: 61–77.
Шариков П. (2018) Информационный суверенитет и вмешательство во внутренние дела в Российско-американских отношениях. Международные процессы, 16(3): 170–188.
A National Security Strategy for A New Century. (1997). URL:https://clintonwhitehouse2.archives.gov/WH/EOP/NSC/Strategy/
Bovet, A., & Makse, H. (2019). Influence of fake news in Twitter during the 2016 US presidential election. Nature Communications, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07761-2
Bradshaw S. Howard P. (2018). Challenging Truth and Trust: A Global Inventory of Organized Social Media Manipulation – The Computational Propaganda Project. Oxford. URL:https://comprop.oii.ox.ac.uk/research/cybertroops2018/
Burkeman O. (2019, May 19). How the news took over reality. The Guardian. URL:https://www.theguardian.com/news/oliver-burkeman-column/audio/2019/may/20/how-the-news-took-over-reality-podcast
Fettweis, C. (2018). Psychology of a superpower : security and dominance in U.S. foreign policy. Columbia University Press.
Fettweis, C. J. (2013). The pathologies of power: Fear, honor, glory, and hubris in U.S. foreign policy. The Pathologies of Power: Fear, Honor, Glory, and Hubris in U.S. Foreign Policy. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139644549
Fischer S., Snyder A. (2018). Exclusive poll: America sours on social media giants - Axios. URL:https://www.axios.com/america-sours-on-social-media-giants-1542234046-c48fb55b-48d6-4c96-9ea9-a36e80ab5deb.html
Fisher M., Taub A. (2019, August 11). How YouTube Radicalized Brazil. The New York Times. URL:https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/11/world/americas/youtube-brazil.html
Greenfield K. (2014, May 25). Faking Cultural Literacy - The New York Times. URL:https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/25/opinion/sunday/faking-cultural-literacy.html
Joint Doctrine for Information Operations. Joint Pub 3-13. (1998). URL:http://www.c4i.org/jp3_13.pdf
Joint Doctrine for Information Operations. Joint Pub 3-13. (1996). URL:https://www.jcs.mil/Portals/36/Documents/Doctrine/pubs/jp3_13.pdf
Joint Vision 2010. (1996) URL:http://webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu/virtual_disk_library/index.cgi/4240529/FID378/pdfdocs/2010/Jv2010.pdf
Joint Vision 2020. America’s Military: Preparing for Tomorrow. (2000). Retrieved from http://pentagonus.ru/doc/JV2020.pdf
Matsa K. (2018). Fewer Americans rely on TV news; what type they watch varies by who they are. Pew Research Center. URL:https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/01/05/fewer-americans-rely-on-tv-news-what-type-they-watch-varies-by-who-they-are/
Mearsheimer, J. (2011). Why leaders lie : the truth about lying in international politics. Oxford University Press.
Mueller R. (2019). Report on the Investigation into Russian Interference in the 2016 Presidential Election (Mueller Report). URL:https://www.govinfo.gov/features/mueller-report
Singer P. W. (2018). LikeWar – The Weaponization of Social Media. URL:https://www.likewarbook.com/
Skurnik, I., Yoon, C., Park, D., Schwarz, N. (2005). How Warnings about False Claims Become Recommendations. Journal of Consumer Research, 31(4), 713–724. https://doi.org/10.1086/426605
Vertzberger, Y. (1993). The world in their minds : information processing, cognition, and perception in foreign policy decisionmaking. Stanford Univ. Press.
