"Ah, It's So Easy to Deceive Me...": The Phenomenon of Political Deepfake in Runet Communication Practices
Abstract
Political deepfakes are a recent addition to our everyday communication landscape, rapidly expanding into the modern media sphere. They offer significant opportunities but also pose serious risks. This article delves into the academic discourse surrounding this phenomenon, exploring key theoretical frameworks for understanding deepfakes (such as taxonomies, classification systems, and verification methods). It proposes a working definition of political deepfakes and identifies their primary forms within the Russian internet space.
Downloads
References
Виноградова, Е. А. (2023). Злонамеренное использование политических дипфейков и попытки их нейтрализации в странах Латинской Америки. Латинская Америка, 5, 35–48. https://latamerica-journal.ru/s0044748x0025404-3-1/
Виноградова, Е. А. (2024). Потенциальные угрозы несанкционированного использования политических дипфейков в период политических выборов: международный опыт. Мировая политика, 3, 44–60. https://e-notabene.ru/wi/article_71519.html
Воронин, И. А., Гавра, Д. П. (2024). Дипфейки: современное понимание, подходы к определению, характеристики, проблемы и перспективы. Российская школа связей с общественностью, 33. https://ruscoms.ru/images/archive/vipusk_33.pdf
Иванов, В. Г., Игнатовский, Я. Р. (2020). Deepfakes: перспективы применения в политике и угрозы для личности и национальной безопасности. Вестник РУДН. Серия: Государственное и муниципальное управление, 7(4), 379–386. https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8313-2020-7-4-379-386
Красовская, Н. Р., Гуляев, А. А. (2020). Технологии манипуляции сознанием при использовании дипфейков как инструмента информационной войны в политической сфере. Власть, 28(4), 93–98. https://doi.org/10.31171/vlast.v28i4.7440
Цветкова, Н. А., Гришанина, Т. А. (2023). «Цифровая сила» в странах Латинской Америки: хэштеги и дипфейки как политические инструменты. Латинская Америка, 3, 21–33. https://latamerica-journal.ru/s0044748x0024414-4-1/
Шомова, С. А. (2023). От конспирологии до розыгрыша: проблема мис- и дезинформации в пандемийном дискурсе. Коммуникации. Медиа. Дизайн, 8(1), 5–23. https://doi.org/10.17323/cmd.2023.16694
Appel, M., & Prietzel, F. (2022). The detection of political deepfakes. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 27(4), zmac008. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcmc/zmac008
Dobber, T., Metoui, N., Trilling, D., Helberger, N., & de Vreese, C. (2021). Do (microtargeted) deepfakes have real effects on political attitudes? The International Journal of Press/Politics, 26(1), 69–91. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161220944364
Fallis, D. (2021). The epistemic threat of deepfakes. Philosophy & Technology, 34, 623–643. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-020-00419-2
Gil, R., Virgili-Gomà, J., López, D., & García, R. (2023). Deepfakes: evolution and trends. Soft Computing, 27, 11295–11318. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-023-08605-y
Hameleers, M., van der Meer, T. G. L. A., & Dobber, T. (2022). You won’t believe what they just said! The effects of political deepfakes embedded as vox populi on social media. Social Media + Society, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051221116346
Kietzmann, J., Lee, L. W., McCarthy, I. P., & Kietzmann, T. C. (2020). Deepfakes: Trick or treat? Business Horizons, 63(2), 135–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2019.11.006
Köbis, N., Dolezalova, B., & Soraperra, I. (2021). Fooled twice: People cannot detect deepfakes but think they can. iScience, 24(11), 103364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.103364
Matern, F., Riess, C., & Stamminger, M. (2019). Exploiting visual artifacts to expose deepfakes and face manipulations. 2019 IEEE Winter Applications of Computer Vision Workshops (WACVW), 83–92. https://doi.org/10.1109/WACVW.2019.00020
Mirsky, Y., & Lee, W. (2021). The creation and detection of deepfakes: A survey. ACM Computing Surveys, 54(1), 1–41. https://doi.org/10.1145/3425780
Ray, A. (2021). Disinformation, deepfakes and democracies: The need for legislative reform. University of New South Wales Law Journal, 44(3), 983–1016. https://doi.org/10.53637/DELS2700
Sandotra, N., & Arora, B. (2024). A comprehensive evaluation of feature-based AI techniques for deepfake detection. Neural Computing and Applications, 36, 3859–3887. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-023-09288-0
Tolosana, R., Romero-Tapiador, S., Fierrez, J., & Vera-Rodriguez, R. (2021). DeepFakes evolution: Analysis of facial regions and fake detection performance. In A. Del Bimbo et al. (Eds.), Pattern recognition. ICPR international workshops and challenges (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 12665, pp. 442–456). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68821-9_38
Vasist, P. N., & Krishnan, S. (2022). Deepfakes: An integrative review of the literature and an agenda for future research. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 51, 590–636. https://doi.org/10.17705/1CAIS.05126
Wahl-Jorgensen, K., & Carlson, M. (2021). Conjecturing fearful futures: Journalistic discourses on deepfakes. Journalism Practice, 15(6), 803–820. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2021.1908838
Westerlund, M. (2019). The emergence of deepfake technology: A review. Technology Innovation Management Review, 9(11), 39–52. https://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1282
Yang, X., Li, Y., & Lyu, S. (2019). Exposing deep fakes using inconsistent head poses. ICASSP 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), 8261–8265. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASSP.2019.8683164
Copyright (c) 2025 HSE University

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.