Analysis of Indonesian Government Policy Encourages Democratization of Media Development
Abstract
This study aims to analyze government policies aimed at encouraging the democratization of the media, which function as a tool for government control, by examining imbalances between policies that support press freedom and regulations that often limit freedom. Using quantitative methods based on primary and secondary data, the study highlights an analysis of macro- and micro-policies that empower civil society located in large urban areas in Java, with a population of over 60 million people and a sample size of 6,000 online, radio, Internet, and TV media. The results of the research show that government policy has a strong influence on the empowerment of citizens through the media, with a positive correlation of 0.45, and a high level of statistical significance (p=0.000). This emphasizes the importance of policies that promote press freedom and provide optimal space for media expression. The study concludes that the development of media should focus not only on increasing the quantity of media outlets, but also on improving the quality of content, such as editorial independence and news accuracy, to maximize the contribution of the media to the democratization process and empowerment in Indonesia's civil society.
Downloads
References
Abdillah, K., Maulana, A., & Aminatuzzuhro. (2023). Determinants of Indonesia’s Regional Economic Growth During The Era of Regional Autonomy. Journal of Development Economics, 21(02), 115–129. https://doi.org/10.22219/jep.v21i02.27934
Abdullah, A. (2020). Broadcasting Digitalization Policy Patterns in Indonesia. Aristo, 8(1), 76. https://doi.org/10.24269/ars.v8i1.2263
Affandi, L. H., & Suastra, I. W. (2024). Challenges of Democratization of Indonesian Education. Basicedu Journal, 8(3), 1733–1742. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v8i3.7477
Algazo, F. A., Ibrahim, S., & Yusoff, W. S. (2021). Digital Governance Emergence and Importance. Journal of Information System and Technology Management, 6(24), 18–26. https://doi.org/10.35631/jistm.624003
Antunes, A. L., Barateiro, J., & Cardoso, E. (2024). Strategic Analysis in the Public Sector using Semantic Web Technologies. Digital Government: Research and Practice, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.1145/3656587
Arianto, B. (2022). Tracking Social Media-Based Public Services During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Banten Province. JRK (Journal of Communication Research), 13(1), 113. https://doi.org/10.31506/jrk.v13i1.15788
Armando, A. (2023). The Failure of Network Television and Its Impact on Democracy in Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Communication, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.7454/jki.v3i1.7845
Aulia, M. Z. (2021). Concentration of Mass Media Ownership in Indonesia: A Review of Legal Aspects. Journal of Law & Development, 51(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.21143/jhp.vol51.no1.3013
Birowo, Y. A. (2022). Countering Media Hegemony with Community-Centered Communication Strategy. Journal of Communication Science, 2(2), 127–143. https://doi.org/10.24002/jik.v2i2.246
Bruno, L. (2022). Television Media as a Means of Democracy Education. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, 53(9), 1689–1699.
Celis, K., Knops, L., Van Ingelgom, V., & Verhaegen, S. (2021). Resentment And Coping With The Democratic Dilemma. Politics and Governance, 9(3), 237–247. https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v9i3.4026
Darmanto, & Peneliti. (2022). Urgency of Change in RRI HR Policy to Support Transformation into Public Radio. Journal of Communication, 7(April), 129–139. https://doi.org/Prefix 10.20885/komunikasi
Ecker-ehrhardt, M. (2023). Public Legitimation by “Going Personal”? The Ambiguous Role of International Organization Officials on Social Media. Politics and Governance, 11(3), 213–225. https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v11i3.6767
Effing, R. (2024). Will The Metaverse Be Out Of Control? Addressing The Ethical And Governance Implications Of A Developing Virtual Society. Digital Government: Research and Practice, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.1145/3674148
Elias, D., Elias, D., & Oliveira, F. De. (2024). ScienceDirect Personhood Global Whispers: Ethical Echoes of Decentralization? Personhood Global Whispers: Ethical Echoes of Decentralization? Procedia Computer Science, 237(2021), 767–774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2024.05.164
Erkut, B. (2020). From digital government to digital governance: Are we there yet? Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(3), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12030860
Fatimah, M. (2024). Central-Local Government Relations in Regional Planning and Budgeting in Indonesia : Between Autonomy and Control. May. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30589/pgr. v8i2.922
Guo, Y., Zhang, T., & Deng, Y. (2024). Past, Present, and Future of Digital Government: Insights From Chinese Practices. Public Administration Issues, 5(5), 6–24. https://doi.org/10.17323/1999-5431-2024-0-5-6-24
Hanisch, M., Goldsby, C. M., Fabian, N. E., & Oehmichen, J. (2023). Digital Governance: A Conceptual Framework And Research Agenda. Journal of Business Research, 162(February), 113777. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113777
Hermawan, S., & Hariyanto, W. (2022). Textbook of Business Research Methods (Quantitative and Qualitative). In Textbook of Business Research Methods (Quantitative and Qualitative) ). https://doi.org/10.21070/2022/978-623-464-047-2
Hesami, S., Jenkins, H., & Jenkins, G. P. (2024). Digital Transformation of Tax Administration and Compliance: A Systematic Literature Review on E-Invoicing and Prefilled Returns. Digital Government: Research and Practice, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.1145/3643687
Ho, C. W. L., & Caals, K. (2021). A Call for an Ethics and Governance Action Plan to Harness the Power of Artificial Intelligence and Digitalization in Nephrology. Seminars in Nephrology, 41(3), 282–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semnephrol.2021.05.009
Indrawan, D., & Jalilah, S. R. (2021). Combination/Mixed Methods of Integration Forms in Research. Journal of Teacher Studies and Learning, 4(3), 735–739. https://doi.org/10.30605/jsgp.4.3.2021.1452
Iskandar, D. J. (2022). The Importance of Participation and the Role of Political Institutions in the Public Policy Making Process. Journal of Administrative Science: Media for the Development of Administrative Science and Practice, 14(1), 17–35. https://doi.org/10.31113/jia.v14i1.2
Juleha, J., Yuniar, J., Marsuki, N. R., Sultan, J., 259, A. N., Sari, G., Rappocini, K., Makassar, K., & Selatan, S. (2024). The Role of Social Media in the Dynamics of Public Opinion and Political Participation in the Digital Era. Concept: Journal of Social Humanities and Education, 3(1), 38–45. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55606/concept.v3i1.951
Kareem, M. A., & Hussein, I. J. (2020). The Impact Of Human Resource Development On Employee Performance And Organizational Effectiveness. Management Dynamics in the Knowledge Economy, 7(3), 307–322. https://doi.org/10.25019/mdke/7.3.02
Khumairoh, U. (2021). The Impact of Media Conglomeration on the Mass Media Industry and Political Economy Democracy in the Era of Media Convergence. Muqoddima Journal of Sociological Thought and Research, 2(1), 63–78. https://doi.org/10.47776/mjprs.002.01.05
Kloppenburg, S., Gupta, A., Kruk, S. R. L., Makris, S., Bergsvik, R., Korenhof, P., Solman, H., & Toonen, H. M. (2022). Scrutinizing environmental governance in a digital age: New ways of seeing, participating, and intervening. One Earth, 5(3), 232–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2022.02.004
Kwon, M., Lee, E., Hong, S., & Chun, S. A. (2024). Understanding the Determinants of Digital Innovation in California Local Governments Digital Inequality and Agency Assignment Perspectives. Digital Government: Research and Practice, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.1145/3689369
Lobkova, E. V., & Khudonogova, E. R. (2024). On the Issue of Evaluating the Effectiveness and Performance of Public Civil Servants: the Experience of the Krasnoyarsk State Statistics Service. In Public Administration Issues (Issue 3). https://doi.org/10.17323/1999-5431-2024-0-3-39-80
Makarov, I. A. (2024). Composite Indices for Governing Digitalization: Methods for Construction. Public Administration Issues, 3, 81–109. https://doi.org/10.17323/1999-5431-2024-0-3-81-109
Manganti, G. S. (2023). Analysis of Community Participation in the Implementation of Public Policy. De Cive: Journal of Research on Pancasila and Citizenship Educationn, 3(11), 380–389. https://doi.org/10.56393/decive.v3i11.2053
Marsh, I., Cochrane, J., & Melville, G. (2020). Theories and methods of research in victimology. Criminal Justice, 114–115. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203412657-12
Moch. Marsa Taufiqurrohman,Bima Rico Pambudi, M. I. M. (2023). Recall Election: Post-Election Democratization Mechanism. National Law Magazine, 53(19–48). https://doi.org/10.33331/mhn.v53i1.208
Munzir, A. A. (2019). Various Roles of Social Media in the World of Politics in Indonesia. JPPUMA Journal of Government and Social Politics, University of Medan Area, 7(2), 173. https://doi.org/10.31289/jppuma.v7i2.2691
Nugroho, H. (2021). Democracy and Democratization: A Conceptual Framework for Understanding Socio-Political Dynamics in Indonesia. Journal of Sociological Thought, 1(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.22146/jps.v1i1.23419
Prodan, S., Konhäusner, P., Dabija, D. C., Lazaroiu, G., & Marincean, L. (2024). The Rise In Popularity Of Central Bank Digital Currencies. A Systematic Review. Heliyon, 10(9). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30561
Purwaningrum, M., & Qusnul Khotimah, W. (2022). Citizen Journalist Participation in Writing News on Kompasiana.Com. Kaganga Komunika: Journal of Communication Science, 4(1), 44–52. https://doi.org/10.36761/kagangakomunika.v4i1.1929
Rantala, S., Swallow, B., Paloniemi, R., & Raitanen, E. (2020). Governance Of Forests And Governance Of Forest Information: Interlinkages In The Age Of Open And Digital Data. Forest Policy and Economics, 113(November 2018), 102123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2020.102123
Roche, W. K., & O’Riordan, J. (2021). The Reform Of Human Resource Management In The Irish public service. Administration, 68(4), 97–119. https://doi.org/10.2478/admin-2020-0026
Rosika, C., Frinaldi S, A., & Magriasti, L. (2023). Decentralization and Government Innovation: Building a Sustainable Local Governance Model. Comserva: Journal of Research and Community Service, 3(08), 3037–3049. https://doi.org/10.59141/comserva.v3i08.1111
Subarsono, A., Utomo, P. P., & Laksana, L. U. A. (2024). Determinants of Covid-19 Fatality Rates in Indonesia: a Configurational Analysis of Government Policies and Societal Conditions. Public Administration Issues, 5, 65–89. https://doi.org/10.17323/1999-5431-2024-0-5-65-89
Sunio, V., Mendejar, J., Nery, J. R., & Carlos, J. P. (2023). Generalization Of Digital Innovation For Financial Inclusion By Means Of Market Creation Through Regulation And Governance. Global Transitions, 5, 29–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.glt.2023.04.001
Suprijadi, B. (2019). Democratization at the Regency and City Level in Indonesia in the Era of Regional Autonomy. 88(Iciir 2018), 37–44. https://doi.org/10.2991/iciir-18.2019.8
Suryana. (2020). Research methodology: research methodology of practical models of quantitative and qualitative research. In Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (Vol. 6, Issue 9). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13398-014-0173-7.2
Sushchaya, E., Kuzyk, M., & Gorodnyy, N. (2024). Government Support for Business During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Assessing Effectiveness. Public Administration Issues, (4), 152-190. https://doi.org/10.17323/1999-5431-2024-0-4-152-190
Syahri, S. A. (2021). Freedom of Speech through New Media in the Shadow of the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (ITE). Cakrawala-Humaniora Journal, 10(1), 26–31. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31294/jc.v10i1.5594
Talapina, E. V., & Yu. Kozyar, D. (2024). Criteria for Assessing the Quality and Prospects for Implementing Proactive Public Services. Public Administration Issues, 2, 64–84. https://doi.org/10.17323/1999-5431-2024-0-2-64-84
Triwardani, R. (2021). Press Banning in Indonesia in the Perspective of Media Politics. Journal of Communication Science, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.24002/jik.v7i2.191
Velut, J. B. (2023). Trade Linkages or Disconnects? Labor Rights and Data Privacy in US Digital Trade Policy. Politics and Governance, 11(1), 249–260. https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v11i1.6031
Wibowo Nugroho. (2022). Efforts to reduce the competency gap between vocational high school graduates and the demands of the industrial world. Journal of Vocational Education and Technology, 23(1), 45–50. file:///D:/Data Taufik/Article 2021/Research Proposal/Article SMK Banten/9354-22733-1-SM.pdf
Williamson, B. (2022). Digital Education Governance: Data Visualization, Predictive Analytics, And ‘Real-Time’ Policy Instruments. Journal of Education Policy, 31(2), 123–141. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2015.1035758
Copyright (c) 2026 HSE University
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
