Избегание новостей: понятие, причины и факторы распространения
Аннотация
В статье представлен обзор исследований избегания новостей. Массовый характер феномена делает важным изучение не только того, как потребляемая информация влияет на общественное мнение, но и того, как непотребление новостей отражается на взглядах людей. Избегание новостей – неоднородное явление. Так, выделяют преднамеренное и непреднамеренное полное и частичное избегание. Измеряют распространение данного феномена также различными способами. В зависимости от методологии исследования к избегающим новостей могут быть отнесены те, кто себя так идентифицирует, те, чья частота потребления новостей меньше установленного порогового значения, или те, кто не потребляет новости ни из одного источника из предложенного широкого списка. Все это затрудняет количественную оценку распространенности избегания. В качестве причины отказа от новостного контента обычно выделяют специфические черты медиасреды с большим выбором, провоцирующие возникновение информационной перегрузки. Роль также играет негативный уклон новостей, который повышает эмоциональные издержки их потребления и подталкивает к избеганию в целях защиты ментального здоровья. Имеют значение и индивидуальные характеристики потребителей информации. Женщины, молодые люди и люди с более низким уровнем образования чаще избегают новостей. Снижение потребления информационного контента может происходить за счет регулирования времени потребления новостей (не смотреть новости на работе, не проверять новости более двух раз в день и т. д.) или через управление информационной средой (отключение уведомлений, удаление приложений и т. д.).
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